jencormackconsulting

Background Investigation: Why Database Results Have to Be Verified

Wed, 14 Oct 2026 22:31:55 GMT

Case Study: Background Investigations

Background

An attorney in a family court matter requested a background investigation on an individual involved in the case. The individual held a state-issued professional license, and that person's history and standing were relevant to the proceeding.

Process

I ran the standard research: identity verification, address history, court records, and professional licensing. The commercial investigative databases returned entries about the individual's license that did not look right.

Before reporting them, I checked the records directly with the state licensing agency. The agency's own records did not match the database entries. The report gave the verified information, identified the database errors, and attached the agency record as the source.

Takeaway

The attorney received a report that was accurate on a point where an unverified database search would have been wrong. Commercial databases are a starting point. They combine records from many sources and sometimes attach the wrong record to the wrong person, so anything that matters to a case should be confirmed with the agency or court that holds the original.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.

Dark Web Research in Data Breach Litigation: Did the Stolen Data Circulate?

Fri, 02 Oct 2026 02:06:15 GMT

Case Study: Dark Web and Data Breach Investigations

Background

A law firm representing people affected by a corporate data breach retained me as a consulting investigator. The company had confirmed the breach. The open question was what happened to the data afterward: whether it was offered, sold or shared in criminal marketplaces. That question mattered to the firm's case.

Process

I conducted independent open-source and dark web research into the breach. The work included reviewing cybercrime forums, ransomware and extortion leak sites, and messaging channels where stolen data is advertised. I searched for the threat actor's claims, sample postings, and later re-postings of the same data by other actors. I compared what I found against court filings and public statements about the incident.

Each finding was documented with the date, the source address, and a screenshot captured at the time. The report separated what the evidence showed from what could only be inferred.

Takeaway

The firm received a findings report with numbered exhibits that its attorneys and experts could rely on and verify for themselves. A company's breach notice describes what was taken. Dark web research addresses what happened next, and that work has to be documented carefully enough to hold up when the other side examines it.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.

Hiring a Private Investigator: How much does it cost?

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 20:33:26 GMT

Hiring a Private Investigator

Hiring a Private Investigator: How Much Does It Cost?

If you’re considering hiring a private investigator (PI), one of the first questions that likely comes to mind is, "How much does it cost?" While the cost of hiring a PI can vary depending on the scope and complexity of the investigation, most professional private investigators charge anywhere between $100 and $300 per hour. Let's break down some of the factors that affect the cost and what you can expect when hiring a PI (also called a Private Detective).

Factors That Influence the Cost of Hiring a PI

Several factors can affect the overall cost of hiring a private investigator. Understanding these factors can help you estimate the potential cost and budget accordingly.

1. Type of Investigation

Different types of investigations require varying levels of expertise and time commitment. For example:

Background checks or simple investigations may require less time and resources, keeping costs on the lower end of the scale.
Surveillance, fraud investigations, or missing person cases often require more time and specialized tools, which can increase the hourly rate.

2. Location

The geographic location of the investigation can also affect the cost. For example, investigations in large cities or high-cost-of-living areas may be more expensive due to higher operational costs for the investigator. Additionally, if the investigation requires the PI to travel, you may be responsible for covering travel expenses, such as mileage, accommodations, or per diems.

3. Complexity of the Case

Simple background checks are straightforward, but cases involving financial fraud, cybercrime, or digital forensics demand advanced skills, tools, and additional time. These cases typically fall at the higher end of the hourly range.

4. Time Commitment

Investigations can range from a few hours to several weeks or even months. The longer a PI is actively working a case, the more the final cost will be. Always request an estimated timeframe up front.

5. Tools and Resources

Investigators frequently utilize advanced tools, proprietary databases, and technology to support their work. If your case requires the use of specialized tools, such as dark web monitoring, forensic imaging tools, or proprietary software, this may increase the cost of the investigation.

What Does the Fee Include?

When you hire a PI, their hourly fee typically includes:

Initial consultation: Discussing the details of your case, understanding your objectives, and creating a plan of action.
Research and analysis: This includes gathering information from databases, records, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) platforms.
Surveillance and fieldwork: If required, the PI will conduct physical surveillance, gather photographic or video evidence, and document their findings.
Final report: At the conclusion of the investigation, you will receive a detailed written report outlining the findings.

Additional Costs

In addition to the hourly rate, there may be some additional costs depending on the specifics of the investigation:

Mileage fees: If the PI needs to travel for your case, they may charge for mileage or transportation.
Database fees: Accessing specialized databases may come with additional charges.
Court appearances: If the investigator is required to testify in court, they may charge an additional fee for their time.

Is Hiring a PI Worth It?

Hiring a private investigator may seem like a significant investment, but it can provide invaluable information and peace of mind. Whether you’re looking for answers about a personal matter, conducting due diligence on a potential business partner, or gathering evidence for legal purposes, a professional PI can help you uncover the truth discreetly and thoroughly.

Final Thoughts

Hiring a Private Detective typically costs between $100 and $300 per hour, with the final cost depending on factors like the type and complexity of the case, location, and time commitment. It’s essential to have a clear conversation with your PI about fees and expectations upfront so you know what to expect.

If you’re in need of professional investigative services, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting today to discuss your case and receive a free consultation. With over 20 years of experience in law enforcement and private investigations, Jennifer can provide expert and discreet services to help you get the answers you need.

What to do if you are scammed

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 20:13:44 GMT

Protect yourself from online scams - what to do if you've fallen victim

Protect Yourself from Online Scams – What to Do If You’ve Fallen Victim

Online scams are evolving rapidly, and even the most cautious people can fall victim. Criminals now use artificial intelligence, spoofed phone numbers, and fake websites to trick users into sending money or handing over personal information. If you’ve been targeted, the most important step is to act quickly and report it.

In the United States, victims should report online scams to the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) at www.ic3.gov . This FBI program works with the National White Collar Crime Center and the Bureau of Justice Assistance to track and respond to internet-facilitated crime.

Another important resource is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at reportfraud.ftc.gov . The FTC accepts consumer complaints and provides detailed guidance on how to protect yourself from further harm.

The scale of the problem keeps growing. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center received more than one million complaints in 2025, with reported losses of nearly $20.9 billion. Complaints involving cryptocurrency accounted for more than $11 billion of that total, a 22% increase from 2024, and investment fraud alone accounted for more than $8.6 billion. Victims aged 60 or over reported more than $7.7 billion in losses.

Scams to Watch For in 2026

AI-Powered Phishing Attacks

The FBI has reported a rise in AI-driven phishing emails that are more convincing than traditional scams. These emails often mimic your actual writing style or reference recent purchases, travel, or communications, making them appear highly personal and trustworthy. Because they are tailored by artificial intelligence, they can slip past spam filters and trick even savvy users into clicking links or sharing sensitive data.

Google Breach-Related Phishing & Vishing

After the recent Google Salesforce server breach, cybercriminals are exploiting the incident to frighten users into handing over login credentials. Victims may receive emails warning that their Gmail or Google accounts are at risk, followed by phone calls from spoofed “650” (California) numbers pretending to be Google support. These scams combine phishing (email) and vishing (voice calls) to appear more credible.

Cryptocurrency Romance Scams ("Pig Butchering")

Romance scams remain one of the most emotionally devastating frauds, and most of the large losses now involve cryptocurrency. The Federal Trade Commission reported $1.16 billion lost to romance scams in 2025. The scheme usually follows the same stages:

The approach. Contact starts on a dating app, on social media, or through a text message that looks like a wrong number. The person appears attractive, successful and attentive.
The relationship. Daily conversation builds trust over weeks or months. The person avoids meeting in person and often avoids live video.
The pitch. The person says their wealth comes from trading cryptocurrency and offers to teach you. There is no request for money at this stage, which is what makes it convincing.
The fake platform. You are directed to a trading website or app that looks professional and shows your account growing. The platform is fabricated and the profits are numbers on a screen.
The trap. When you try to withdraw, you are told about technical problems or taxes and fees that must be paid first. Paying them produces new demands. Eventually the contact disappears.

Newer versions use artificial intelligence. Scammers now use AI-generated photos, deepfake video and even live video calls to appear real, and some pose as celebrities. The FBI logged more than 22,000 complaints of AI-facilitated fraud in 2025, with nearly $893 million in losses.

Warning signs include a new online contact who steers the conversation toward investing, pressure to use a platform you have never heard of, discouragement or anger when you mention withdrawing, and any request to pay a fee in order to get your own money back.

Recovery scams. People who have already lost money are often targeted a second time by someone claiming to be a recovery agent, attorney or investigator who can get the cryptocurrency back for an upfront fee. Be cautious of anyone who contacts you first, guarantees recovery, or asks for payment in cryptocurrency.

Government & Official Impersonation

The FBI warns of vishing and smishing scams in which criminals impersonate senior government officials or law enforcement officers. Using spoofed caller IDs and even AI-generated voices, scammers threaten victims with arrest, fines, or frozen benefits if they do not comply immediately. Because the calls or texts sound so authentic, victims often panic and follow instructions without stopping to verify the source.

Toll & Package Delivery Text Scams

One of the largest scams currently targeting U.S. smartphone users involves fake toll violation or DMV text messages. The message typically claims the recipient has unpaid tolls, taxes, or parking violations, and that failure to pay will result in license suspension or legal action. Victims who click the link are directed to a fake payment page designed to steal credit card details. Similar tactics are also used with fraudulent UPS, FedEx, or Amazon “delivery” texts.

QR Code Scams (Brushing Technique)

Scammers are increasingly using QR codes to deliver malware or phishing links. In one scheme known as the “brushing technique,” criminals mail unsolicited packages containing QR codes, tricking recipients into scanning them out of curiosity. Once scanned, the codes may install malware, open fake login pages, or steal personal data. The FBI has also warned about Browser-in-the-Browser (BiTB) attacks, where QR codes lead to pop-ups that look like legitimate sign-in pages but are designed to capture your credentials.

Medusa Ransomware

The FBI is tracking the Medusa ransomware gang, which has been launching targeted phishing campaigns to compromise Gmail, Outlook, and corporate networks. Once access is gained, attackers encrypt files and demand ransoms ranging from $100,000 to millions of dollars. In addition to financial damage, these attacks often involve data theft, meaning sensitive personal or business information may be leaked or sold on the dark web even if the ransom is paid.

What to Do If You’ve Been Scammed

Stop communication immediately. Don’t reply or send more money.
Document everything. Save emails, texts, receipts, and screenshots.
Save the cryptocurrency details. Record every wallet address, transaction ID, platform web address and the dates and amounts of each transfer. Law enforcement needs these to trace funds.
Do not pay to withdraw. A demand for taxes or fees before a withdrawal is part of the scam.
Report it. Use IC3, the FTC, and your state attorney general’s office. For fraudulent trading platforms, also report to the CFTC at CFTC.gov/complaint.
Notify your bank. Ask about reversing charges or freezing your accounts.
Protect your identity. Place fraud alerts or freezes with Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.
Seek professional help. A private investigator can assist with scam verification, dark web searches, and evidence collection.

How Jennifer Cormack Consulting Can Help

At Jennifer Cormack Consulting, I specialize in fraud investigations and scam response. Whether you've been targeted by a romance scam, phishing attack, or a breach-related scheme, I can:

Trace online activity and digital footprints
Conduct dark web monitoring for compromised data
Assist attorneys with litigation support and evidence gathering

If you've fallen victim to an online scam, contact me today for a free consultation and take the first step toward recovery and protection.

Physical Security Assessments: Protecting a Restaurant and a Corporate Office

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 12:09:58 GMT

Physical Security Consulting – Protecting Business Reputation

Background:
The owner of a well-known restaurant and bar contacted me with concerns about the establishment’s reputation being damaged by the behavior of employees and patrons. He worried that unchecked incidents could lead to negative publicity, financial losses, and potential legal exposure.

Process:
To address these concerns, I conducted an in-depth physical security assessment using a structured security framework. This included direct on-site observations during peak hours and a review of existing security practices, staffing protocols, and policy documentation.

During the assessment, I identified several areas of vulnerability:

Inadequate surveillance coverage
Lack of formal employee training on security awareness
Outdated or incomplete security policies

I provided tailored recommendations that included installing additional surveillance cameras, implementing employee security training programs, and developing a comprehensive written security policy.

Takeaway:
The restaurant owner adopted these measures, which strengthened both day-to-day operations and overall security posture . The improvements reduced the risk of negative incidents, safeguarded the establishment’s reputation, and ensured compliance with relevant regulations. By addressing weaknesses before they escalated, the business not only protected its assets but also created a safer environment for employees and patrons alike.

Physical Security Consulting – Strengthening Corporate Environments

Background:
A mid-sized corporate client reached out with concerns about vulnerabilities in their office building that could expose them to theft, unauthorized access, or workplace safety issues. Company leadership wanted to ensure that employees, clients, and sensitive business information were adequately protected while also maintaining a professional environment.

Process:
I performed a comprehensive physical security assessment tailored to corporate operations. This included a review of access control systems, visitor management procedures, surveillance coverage, and emergency protocols . I also evaluated employee awareness of security practices and compliance with company policies.

Key weaknesses identified included:

Gaps in surveillance coverage across parking and entry points
Inconsistent enforcement of visitor sign-in procedures
Outdated access control measures and lack of employee refresher training

I recommended targeted solutions such as upgraded surveillance and access systems, improved visitor management protocols, and the rollout of updated employee training on workplace security.

Takeaway:
By implementing these recommendations, the client significantly reduced exposure to security risks while enhancing employee confidence and client trust. The measures not only helped protect physical assets and sensitive information but also demonstrated a proactive approach to workplace safety and regulatory compliance.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.

Locate Individual – Hidden Assets in Divorce Case

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 11:56:01 GMT

Background:
A family law attorney contacted me after their client’s ex-spouse stopped making court-ordered financial payments. The attorney believed the subject was hiding income and assets, but had limited information to work with. The client needed to locate the individual’s current residence and financial holdings to pursue recovery.

Process:
I conducted a detailed investigation using a combination of public records searches, social media analysis, and property research . Through footprinting and cross-referencing, I discovered that the subject had shifted assets into a business under an associate’s name. I also identified a previously unknown out-of-state property by comparing real estate filings with geo-tagged social media photos. This information was further supported by vehicle registration data and satellite imagery, which confirmed the subject’s new residence.

Takeaway:
The attorney used my findings to petition the court for updated financial disclosures and asset freezes. The evidence of hidden property and income streams strengthened their case, ensuring the client could move forward with legal remedies. My investigation not only located the subject but also uncovered concealed assets critical to the litigation strategy.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.

Background Investigations: Custody Concerns and Business Partner Due Diligence

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 11:49:34 GMT

Background Checks – Protecting Children in Custody Cases

Background:
A client contacted me with concerns about her children’s safety during visitation with her ex-spouse. She suspected that his new partner might have a criminal background and wanted to ensure her children would not be exposed to risky or illegal behavior while in their father’s care.

Process:
To address these concerns, I conducted a thorough background investigation and digital footprinting on the new partner and her close associates. This included searches of criminal court records, public filings, online sources, and social media activity . By cross-referencing information across multiple platforms, I was able to build a reliable picture of the individual’s history and current associations.

Takeaway:
The investigation revealed that the new partner did, in fact, have a criminal record, and one of her immediate family members also had an extensive criminal history. Armed with this information, my client and her attorney successfully petitioned to update the custody agreement, ensuring the children would not be exposed to the new partner during visitation.

This case highlights how professional background checks go beyond a simple online search —they provide actionable intelligence that can be used to protect families, strengthen legal cases, and support important personal decisions.

Background Checks – Due Diligence for Business Partnerships

Background:
A small business owner approached me before entering into a new partnership. While the prospective partner appeared credible and presented impressive financial claims, my client wanted reassurance that there were no hidden risks before finalizing the deal.

Process:
I conducted an in-depth background check and due diligence investigation , reviewing public records, corporate filings, litigation history, regulatory actions, and social media activity . I also searched online resources and professional databases to verify employment history and cross-check the partner’s financial claims.

Takeaway:
The investigation uncovered multiple civil lawsuits involving the prospective partner, including one for breach of contract, as well as unresolved tax liens. This information allowed my client to avoid entering into a potentially damaging business relationship. By investing in a thorough background investigation, the client protected both his finances and his company’s reputation.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.

Locate Lost Relatives

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 07:05:57 GMT

Locate Lost Relatives – Reconnecting Families

Background:
A client reached out after being estranged from their adult son for several years. With no recent contact, they were deeply concerned about his well-being and wanted to know if he was safe. Their hope was not only to confirm his status but also to explore the possibility of reconnecting.

Process:
I conducted a comprehensive background investigation using a combination of paid investigative databases, public records, social media analysis, and online resources . By piecing together address histories, digital footprints, and recent activity, I was able to trace the son’s movements and confirm that he had relocated to a different state.

Takeaway:
This information gave the client the peace of mind they needed, knowing their son was alive and well. More importantly, it opened the door for the possibility of reestablishing contact when they were ready. This case illustrates how professional investigative work can provide both answers and closure , enabling families to make informed decisions about sensitive personal matters.

Locate Lost Relatives – Estate & Heir Search

Background:
An estate attorney contacted me for assistance in a probate matter involving a deceased individual who had no immediate heirs listed. Before the estate could be settled, the court required confirmation of whether any surviving relatives existed who might have a legal claim. The client needed a reliable investigation to identify and, if possible, locate potential heirs.

Process:
I performed an in-depth genealogical and investigative search using a combination of probate filings, property records, obituaries, public databases, and social media analysis . I also cross-referenced information through court archives and specialized investigative tools to verify relationships. By carefully building out the family tree and tracking down documented addresses, I was able to identify and confirm several living relatives connected to the estate.

Takeaway:
The attorney received a verified list of potential heirs, supported by documentary evidence, which enabled the probate process to proceed. This case illustrates how professional investigative work can provide clarity in complex estate matters, ensuring that assets are distributed fairly and in accordance with the law.

To discuss a similar matter, contact Jennifer Cormack Consulting at (813) 412-5230 for a free consultation.